There are two different magnetic characteristics, which are labeled as North and South that are responsible for magnetic forces.
If you were to put North and North together they would repel one another, same goes for South and South. But if you were to put together North and South together they would attract with a force.
Ferromagnetic metals are certain metals that are not magnet (iron, nickel, and cobalt) which have an atomic structure that seems to make them strongly magnetic.
Domain theory - All large magnets are made up of many smaller rotatable magnets, called dipoles which can interact with other dipoles close by.
Oersted's Principle - Charge moving through a conductor produces a circular magnetic field around the conductor.
Electromagnet - a coil of wire around a soft iron core, which uses electric current to produce a magnetic field.
Right-hand rules - mapping the magnetic field with your right hand.
First Right-hand rule (for conventional current flow) - Grasp the conductor with the thumb of the right hand pointing in the direction of conventional current flow. The curled fingers point in the direction of the magnetic field around the conductor.
Second Right-hand rule (for conventional current flow) - Grasp the coiled conductor with the right hand such that curved fingers point in the direction of conventional current flow. The thumb points in the direction of the magnetic field within the coil. Outside thte coil the thumb represents the North end of the electromagnet produced by the coil.
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